This paper presents findings from a study that investigates differences in reported open defecation between a question about latrine use or open defecation for every household member and a household-level question.
Measuring Open Defecation in India Using Survey Questions: Evidence from a Randomised Survey Experiment
Sangita Vyas, Nikhil Srivastav, Divya Mary, Neeta Goel, Sujatha Srinivasan. Ajaykumar Tannirkulam, Radu Ban, Dean Spears, Diane Coffey
2019